Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative text is a text is an imaginative stroy.
Teks narrative merupakan adalah teks yang menceritakan cerita imaginatif. Cerita dalam narrative
text merupakan cerita fiksi, ceritanya bisa berupa fabel, mitos, dan
cerita-cerita fiksi lainnya. Jika kita merujuk pada wikipedia narrative text adalah
“ a narrative or story is any report of
any report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of
written or spokken words, or still or moving images or both.” Yang jika
diartikan artinya sebuah narasi atau cerita yang setiap kejadiannya terhubung,
baik nyata maupun imajinasi, yang disajikan dalam urutan kata-kata tertulis
atau lisan, atau gambar bergerak/diam, atau keduanya. Namun jika kita meujuk
ada kamus bahasa inggris narrative text berarti “(1) a spoken or written
account of connected events a story. (2) the narrated part of a literaty woek,
as distinct from dialogue. (3) the practice or art of narration.” Artinya (1)
sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang
berhubungan. (2) bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra, berbeda
dengan dialog. (3) praktik atau seni bercerita.
Jika kita simpulkan maka arti dari narrative text
adalah teks yang berisi cerita yang saling berhubungan baik itu tertulis maupun
tidak tertulis.
Tujuan Narrative Text
Tujuan atau Social Function dari narrative text
adalah untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar dengan menyajikan sebuah cerita
yang diakhiri dengan penyelesaian, dan juga adanya pesan moral.
Struktur Narrative Text
Seperti halnya teks lainnya narrative text juga
memiliki struktur, struktur narrative text ini antara lain orientation,
complication, resolution, dan re-orientation. Namun ada hal khusus untuk yang
re-orientation, struktur ini boleh ada boleh juga tidak dalam sebuah Narrative
text.
-Orientation
Bagian ini berisi mengenai cerita seperti apa, siapa
tokohnya, kapan cerita terjadi, dan dimana cerita tersebut terjadi.
-Complication
Bagian kedua ini yaitu Complication. Pada bagian ini
permasalahan pada tokoh mulai muncul/mulai terjadi dan berkembang.
-Re-orientation
Bagian ini boleh ada boleh tidak dalam narrative
text. Isinya merupakan pernyataan penutup cerita. Bisa berisi mengenai pesan
dari cerita tersebut ataupun saran.
Ciri Kebahasaan
Narrative text memiliki beberapa ciri bahasa antara
lain :
- Menggunakan verb jenis past, bisa past tense, past
continuous, past perfect, atau juga bisa past future.
- Memakai nouns sebagai kata ganti untuk cerita.
Misal : The princess, the king, dan lain sebagainya.
- Memakai adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase.
Misalnya : short brown hair, two monkeys, dan lain sebagainya.
-Memakai Time Connective dan Conjunctions untuk
mengurutkan suatu kejadian, seperti: after, before, and then, dan lain
sebagainya.
-Menunjukkan adverb dan adverbial phrase untuk
menunjukkan lokasi peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the forest, dan lain
sebagainya.
Jenis Jenis Narrative Text
1.Folklore
Folklore atau yang jika dibahasa indonesiakan
artinya cerita rakyat, yakni cerita yang berasal dari masyarakat dan berkembang
dalam masyarakat, dan disampaikan dari mulut ke mulut. Contohnya seperti Bawang
Merah Bawang Putih.
2.Legend
Legend (legenda) merupakan sebuah narrative text
yang menceritakan tentang asal usul terjadinya suatu hal. Contoh dari legenda
adalah Candi Prambanan, Tangkuban Prahu, dan lain sebagainya.
3.Myth
Myth atau mitos ialah narrative text yang
menceritakan tentang mitos atau kepercayaan, biasanya bercerita tentang
makhluk-makhluk halus atau kepercayaan-kepercayaan bangsa tertentu. Contohnya
ialah Rati Nyai Roror Kidul
4.Fabel
Fabel adalah cerita yang tokohnya adalah binatang
dan menyerupai perilaku manusia. Fabel merupakan cerita fiksi, contohnya banyak
sekali bisa anda sebutkan lah !!
5.Fairy tale
Fairy tale merupakan cerita yang didalamnya terdapat
tokoh peri. Contoh Cinderella, Pinokia dan lain sebagainya.
Contoh Narrative Text
Jaka Tarub and Seven Angels
Once upon a time there was a widow who lived in the
village of Dadapan. She had a son whose name was Jaka Tarub.
Dadapan village was close to a wood so Jaka Tarub liked to go to the
wood. He liked hunting for animals with his blowpipe.
One day when he was in the wood he saw a beautiful
rainbow and he saw seven angels went down through it. He came closer and
searched for them. The seven angels were swimming and taking a bath in a
lake. Jaka Tarub looked at them while hiding behind trees. When
they had finished taking a bath, they flew through the rainbow to heaven.
The next day he saw the same thing again. This time
Jaka Tarub had an idea. He searched for their dress and when he found
them he took one of them. As they had finished swimming and taking a
bath, they looked for their dress. One of them could not find her
dress. Her friends had to come back to heaven so they left her. She
was crying while staying in the water. Jaka Tarub approached her.
‘Why are you crying lady?’
‘I lose my dress so I cannot go home’
‘Where is your home?’
‘I live in heaven. I’m an angel. My name is
Nawang Wulan. But I lose my dress so I cannot fly anymore’
‘I you don’t mind I will take my mother’s dress for you’
‘OK, please do’
‘Wait for me here, I’ll be back’
Then Jaka Tarub went home to take her mother’s dress and
gave it to Nawang Wulan. He asked her to stay at her house with his
mother. Not long after that Jaka Tarub married Nawang Wulan.
As an angel Nawang Wulan had spiritual power. She
had ability which far above human being. She could cook rice with just a
bar of rice and when it had done the bowl will be full of rice. But there
was one condition. The bowl must not be opened before it has done.
Jaka Tarub was very surprised with her wife’s ability. He was very curious
about it. So when Nawang Wulan was away he opened the bowl.
Consequently Nawang’s spiritual power disappeared. She had to cook as
ordinary human being.
Several months later Nawang Wulan gave birth to a
beautiful baby girl. Her name was Nawang Sih. The birth of Nawang
Sih added happiness to Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan.
Since Nawang Wulan could not cook efficiently anymore,
she needed more rice than usual. The stock of rice in their store room
diminished rapidly. Then one day when she took rice there she was very
surprised. Nawang Wulan found her angel dress. It was hidden there
under piles of rice. She immediately wore it and talked to Jaka Tarub.
‘My dear husband, now I know what you did to me’
‘Forgive me, my dear. I admit that I did this
because I love you’
‘I love you too. But now I find my dress. I
must come back to heaven. I am an angel. My place is not
here. I have to go now’.
‘How about Nawang Sih? She needs you’‘I will leave
her but don’t worry. I will take care of her. Anytime she needs me
I will be here. For that purpose please build a tower. When Nawang Sih
cries put her there then call my name. I will come immediately. But I
will be invisible to you. Good bye dear’
Then Jaka Tarub built a tower behind his house.
Every time Nawang Sih cried he would put her there. Nawang Wulan would
come and take care of Nawang Sih.
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